Pemón history

AI note: expansion-2026-08: overview compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon, https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pem%C3%B3n). Population figure: 30148 (2011, Venezuela 2011 census, cited by Wikipedia (EN); plus 792 in Brazil (2014) and ~500 in Guyana). Awaiting contributor and community review. Sensitivity: Mining-related conflict in the Gran Sabana is politically charged; keep coverage neutral.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon, https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pem%C3%B3n, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon_conflict, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Economy.html, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html, https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/2605, http://www.diversidadcultural.gob.ve/venezuela-plural/coleccion-discografica/la-herencia-musical-ancestral-etnias-pemon-yekuana-y-panare, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.venezuelaturistica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1118%3Apemones-la-cultura-ancestral-de-canaima&catid=149&Itemid=3034). Sensitivity: Display name: Pemon (also written Pemon/Pemong). The subgroup names Arekuna, Kamarakoto and Taurepan are used by the people themselves. Older ethnographic spellings such as 'Arecuna', 'Camaragoto' and 'Taulipang' appear in colonial and early anthropological literature and should be recorded as historical variants only, not used as display names. Population and speaker figures come from the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses and a 2014 Brazilian estimate; all predate the 2019 violence and subsequent displacement into Brazil, and are flagged as such rather than presented as current. Death tolls from the 2019 events differ between official accounts and Pemon leaders' counts; the discrepancy is stated rather than resolved. Areruya/Hallelujah is described as an Indigenous religion in its own right, not as a mission variant, because that is how its practitioners describe it; no revealed song texts are reproduced. Ritual specialist roles (piasan, kanaima, mawari) are given as publicly documented social and cosmological categories. Kanaima in particular is a topic sensationalised in outside writing and is treated here only as a Pemon-stated category of harm attributed to outsiders. Medicine section names the general role of plant knowledge but gives no plant parts, preparations or doses. Textile section is explicitly marked provisional; Pemon craft is far better documented for basketry and pottery than for cloth. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon, https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pem%C3%B3n, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon_conflict, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Economy.html, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html, https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/2605, http://www.diversidadcultural.gob.ve/venezuela-plural/coleccion-discografica/la-herencia-musical-ancestral-etnias-pemon-yekuana-y-panare, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.venezuelaturistica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1118%3Apemones-la-cultura-ancestral-de-canaima&catid=149&Itemid=3034). Sensitivity: Display name: Pemon (also written Pemon/Pemong). The subgroup names Arekuna, Kamarakoto and Taurepan are used by the people themselves. Older ethnographic spellings such as 'Arecuna', 'Camaragoto' and 'Taulipang' appear in colonial and early anthropological literature and should be recorded as historical variants only, not used as display names. Population and speaker figures come from the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses and a 2014 Brazilian estimate; all predate the 2019 violence and subsequent displacement into Brazil, and are flagged as such rather than presented as current. Death tolls from the 2019 events differ between official accounts and Pemon leaders' counts; the discrepancy is stated rather than resolved. Areruya/Hallelujah is described as an Indigenous religion in its own right, not as a mission variant, because that is how its practitioners describe it; no revealed song texts are reproduced. Ritual specialist roles (piasan, kanaima, mawari) are given as publicly documented social and cosmological categories. Kanaima in particular is a topic sensationalised in outside writing and is treated here only as a Pemon-stated category of harm attributed to outsiders. Medicine section names the general role of plant knowledge but gives no plant parts, preparations or doses. Textile section is explicitly marked provisional; Pemon craft is far better documented for basketry and pottery than for cloth. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon, https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pem%C3%B3n, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon_conflict, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Economy.html, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html, https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/2605, http://www.diversidadcultural.gob.ve/venezuela-plural/coleccion-discografica/la-herencia-musical-ancestral-etnias-pemon-yekuana-y-panare, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.venezuelaturistica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1118%3Apemones-la-cultura-ancestral-de-canaima&catid=149&Itemid=3034). Sensitivity: Display name: Pemon (also written Pemon/Pemong). The subgroup names Arekuna, Kamarakoto and Taurepan are used by the people themselves. Older ethnographic spellings such as 'Arecuna', 'Camaragoto' and 'Taulipang' appear in colonial and early anthropological literature and should be recorded as historical variants only, not used as display names. Population and speaker figures come from the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses and a 2014 Brazilian estimate; all predate the 2019 violence and subsequent displacement into Brazil, and are flagged as such rather than presented as current. Death tolls from the 2019 events differ between official accounts and Pemon leaders' counts; the discrepancy is stated rather than resolved. Areruya/Hallelujah is described as an Indigenous religion in its own right, not as a mission variant, because that is how its practitioners describe it; no revealed song texts are reproduced. Ritual specialist roles (piasan, kanaima, mawari) are given as publicly documented social and cosmological categories. Kanaima in particular is a topic sensationalised in outside writing and is treated here only as a Pemon-stated category of harm attributed to outsiders. Medicine section names the general role of plant knowledge but gives no plant parts, preparations or doses. Textile section is explicitly marked provisional; Pemon craft is far better documented for basketry and pottery than for cloth. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon, https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pem%C3%B3n, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon_conflict, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Economy.html, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html, https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/2605, http://www.diversidadcultural.gob.ve/venezuela-plural/coleccion-discografica/la-herencia-musical-ancestral-etnias-pemon-yekuana-y-panare, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.venezuelaturistica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1118%3Apemones-la-cultura-ancestral-de-canaima&catid=149&Itemid=3034). Sensitivity: Display name: Pemon (also written Pemon/Pemong). The subgroup names Arekuna, Kamarakoto and Taurepan are used by the people themselves. Older ethnographic spellings such as 'Arecuna', 'Camaragoto' and 'Taulipang' appear in colonial and early anthropological literature and should be recorded as historical variants only, not used as display names. Population and speaker figures come from the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses and a 2014 Brazilian estimate; all predate the 2019 violence and subsequent displacement into Brazil, and are flagged as such rather than presented as current. Death tolls from the 2019 events differ between official accounts and Pemon leaders' counts; the discrepancy is stated rather than resolved. Areruya/Hallelujah is described as an Indigenous religion in its own right, not as a mission variant, because that is how its practitioners describe it; no revealed song texts are reproduced. Ritual specialist roles (piasan, kanaima, mawari) are given as publicly documented social and cosmological categories. Kanaima in particular is a topic sensationalised in outside writing and is treated here only as a Pemon-stated category of harm attributed to outsiders. Medicine section names the general role of plant knowledge but gives no plant parts, preparations or doses. Textile section is explicitly marked provisional; Pemon craft is far better documented for basketry and pottery than for cloth. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon, https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pem%C3%B3n, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon_conflict, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Economy.html, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html, https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/2605, http://www.diversidadcultural.gob.ve/venezuela-plural/coleccion-discografica/la-herencia-musical-ancestral-etnias-pemon-yekuana-y-panare, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.venezuelaturistica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1118%3Apemones-la-cultura-ancestral-de-canaima&catid=149&Itemid=3034). Sensitivity: Display name: Pemon (also written Pemon/Pemong). The subgroup names Arekuna, Kamarakoto and Taurepan are used by the people themselves. Older ethnographic spellings such as 'Arecuna', 'Camaragoto' and 'Taulipang' appear in colonial and early anthropological literature and should be recorded as historical variants only, not used as display names. Population and speaker figures come from the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses and a 2014 Brazilian estimate; all predate the 2019 violence and subsequent displacement into Brazil, and are flagged as such rather than presented as current. Death tolls from the 2019 events differ between official accounts and Pemon leaders' counts; the discrepancy is stated rather than resolved. Areruya/Hallelujah is described as an Indigenous religion in its own right, not as a mission variant, because that is how its practitioners describe it; no revealed song texts are reproduced. Ritual specialist roles (piasan, kanaima, mawari) are given as publicly documented social and cosmological categories. Kanaima in particular is a topic sensationalised in outside writing and is treated here only as a Pemon-stated category of harm attributed to outsiders. Medicine section names the general role of plant knowledge but gives no plant parts, preparations or doses. Textile section is explicitly marked provisional; Pemon craft is far better documented for basketry and pottery than for cloth. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon, https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pem%C3%B3n, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon_conflict, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Economy.html, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html, https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/2605, http://www.diversidadcultural.gob.ve/venezuela-plural/coleccion-discografica/la-herencia-musical-ancestral-etnias-pemon-yekuana-y-panare, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.venezuelaturistica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1118%3Apemones-la-cultura-ancestral-de-canaima&catid=149&Itemid=3034). Sensitivity: Display name: Pemon (also written Pemon/Pemong). The subgroup names Arekuna, Kamarakoto and Taurepan are used by the people themselves. Older ethnographic spellings such as 'Arecuna', 'Camaragoto' and 'Taulipang' appear in colonial and early anthropological literature and should be recorded as historical variants only, not used as display names. Population and speaker figures come from the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses and a 2014 Brazilian estimate; all predate the 2019 violence and subsequent displacement into Brazil, and are flagged as such rather than presented as current. Death tolls from the 2019 events differ between official accounts and Pemon leaders' counts; the discrepancy is stated rather than resolved. Areruya/Hallelujah is described as an Indigenous religion in its own right, not as a mission variant, because that is how its practitioners describe it; no revealed song texts are reproduced. Ritual specialist roles (piasan, kanaima, mawari) are given as publicly documented social and cosmological categories. Kanaima in particular is a topic sensationalised in outside writing and is treated here only as a Pemon-stated category of harm attributed to outsiders. Medicine section names the general role of plant knowledge but gives no plant parts, preparations or doses. Textile section is explicitly marked provisional; Pemon craft is far better documented for basketry and pottery than for cloth. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon, https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pem%C3%B3n, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon_conflict, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Economy.html, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html, https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/2605, http://www.diversidadcultural.gob.ve/venezuela-plural/coleccion-discografica/la-herencia-musical-ancestral-etnias-pemon-yekuana-y-panare, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.venezuelaturistica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1118%3Apemones-la-cultura-ancestral-de-canaima&catid=149&Itemid=3034). Sensitivity: Display name: Pemon (also written Pemon/Pemong). The subgroup names Arekuna, Kamarakoto and Taurepan are used by the people themselves. Older ethnographic spellings such as 'Arecuna', 'Camaragoto' and 'Taulipang' appear in colonial and early anthropological literature and should be recorded as historical variants only, not used as display names. Population and speaker figures come from the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses and a 2014 Brazilian estimate; all predate the 2019 violence and subsequent displacement into Brazil, and are flagged as such rather than presented as current. Death tolls from the 2019 events differ between official accounts and Pemon leaders' counts; the discrepancy is stated rather than resolved. Areruya/Hallelujah is described as an Indigenous religion in its own right, not as a mission variant, because that is how its practitioners describe it; no revealed song texts are reproduced. Ritual specialist roles (piasan, kanaima, mawari) are given as publicly documented social and cosmological categories. Kanaima in particular is a topic sensationalised in outside writing and is treated here only as a Pemon-stated category of harm attributed to outsiders. Medicine section names the general role of plant knowledge but gives no plant parts, preparations or doses. Textile section is explicitly marked provisional; Pemon craft is far better documented for basketry and pottery than for cloth. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon, https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pem%C3%B3n, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon_conflict, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Economy.html, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html, https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/2605, http://www.diversidadcultural.gob.ve/venezuela-plural/coleccion-discografica/la-herencia-musical-ancestral-etnias-pemon-yekuana-y-panare, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.venezuelaturistica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1118%3Apemones-la-cultura-ancestral-de-canaima&catid=149&Itemid=3034). Sensitivity: Display name: Pemon (also written Pemon/Pemong). The subgroup names Arekuna, Kamarakoto and Taurepan are used by the people themselves. Older ethnographic spellings such as 'Arecuna', 'Camaragoto' and 'Taulipang' appear in colonial and early anthropological literature and should be recorded as historical variants only, not used as display names. Population and speaker figures come from the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses and a 2014 Brazilian estimate; all predate the 2019 violence and subsequent displacement into Brazil, and are flagged as such rather than presented as current. Death tolls from the 2019 events differ between official accounts and Pemon leaders' counts; the discrepancy is stated rather than resolved. Areruya/Hallelujah is described as an Indigenous religion in its own right, not as a mission variant, because that is how its practitioners describe it; no revealed song texts are reproduced. Ritual specialist roles (piasan, kanaima, mawari) are given as publicly documented social and cosmological categories. Kanaima in particular is a topic sensationalised in outside writing and is treated here only as a Pemon-stated category of harm attributed to outsiders. Medicine section names the general role of plant knowledge but gives no plant parts, preparations or doses. Textile section is explicitly marked provisional; Pemon craft is far better documented for basketry and pottery than for cloth. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon, https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pem%C3%B3n, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon_conflict, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Economy.html, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html, https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/2605, http://www.diversidadcultural.gob.ve/venezuela-plural/coleccion-discografica/la-herencia-musical-ancestral-etnias-pemon-yekuana-y-panare, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.venezuelaturistica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1118%3Apemones-la-cultura-ancestral-de-canaima&catid=149&Itemid=3034). Sensitivity: Display name: Pemon (also written Pemon/Pemong). The subgroup names Arekuna, Kamarakoto and Taurepan are used by the people themselves. Older ethnographic spellings such as 'Arecuna', 'Camaragoto' and 'Taulipang' appear in colonial and early anthropological literature and should be recorded as historical variants only, not used as display names. Population and speaker figures come from the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses and a 2014 Brazilian estimate; all predate the 2019 violence and subsequent displacement into Brazil, and are flagged as such rather than presented as current. Death tolls from the 2019 events differ between official accounts and Pemon leaders' counts; the discrepancy is stated rather than resolved. Areruya/Hallelujah is described as an Indigenous religion in its own right, not as a mission variant, because that is how its practitioners describe it; no revealed song texts are reproduced. Ritual specialist roles (piasan, kanaima, mawari) are given as publicly documented social and cosmological categories. Kanaima in particular is a topic sensationalised in outside writing and is treated here only as a Pemon-stated category of harm attributed to outsiders. Medicine section names the general role of plant knowledge but gives no plant parts, preparations or doses. Textile section is explicitly marked provisional; Pemon craft is far better documented for basketry and pottery than for cloth. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon, https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pem%C3%B3n, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon_conflict, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Economy.html, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html, https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/2605, http://www.diversidadcultural.gob.ve/venezuela-plural/coleccion-discografica/la-herencia-musical-ancestral-etnias-pemon-yekuana-y-panare, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.venezuelaturistica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1118%3Apemones-la-cultura-ancestral-de-canaima&catid=149&Itemid=3034). Sensitivity: Display name: Pemon (also written Pemon/Pemong). The subgroup names Arekuna, Kamarakoto and Taurepan are used by the people themselves. Older ethnographic spellings such as 'Arecuna', 'Camaragoto' and 'Taulipang' appear in colonial and early anthropological literature and should be recorded as historical variants only, not used as display names. Population and speaker figures come from the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses and a 2014 Brazilian estimate; all predate the 2019 violence and subsequent displacement into Brazil, and are flagged as such rather than presented as current. Death tolls from the 2019 events differ between official accounts and Pemon leaders' counts; the discrepancy is stated rather than resolved. Areruya/Hallelujah is described as an Indigenous religion in its own right, not as a mission variant, because that is how its practitioners describe it; no revealed song texts are reproduced. Ritual specialist roles (piasan, kanaima, mawari) are given as publicly documented social and cosmological categories. Kanaima in particular is a topic sensationalised in outside writing and is treated here only as a Pemon-stated category of harm attributed to outsiders. Medicine section names the general role of plant knowledge but gives no plant parts, preparations or doses. Textile section is explicitly marked provisional; Pemon craft is far better documented for basketry and pottery than for cloth. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon, https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pem%C3%B3n, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon_conflict, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Economy.html, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html, https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/2605, http://www.diversidadcultural.gob.ve/venezuela-plural/coleccion-discografica/la-herencia-musical-ancestral-etnias-pemon-yekuana-y-panare, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.venezuelaturistica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1118%3Apemones-la-cultura-ancestral-de-canaima&catid=149&Itemid=3034). Sensitivity: Display name: Pemon (also written Pemon/Pemong). The subgroup names Arekuna, Kamarakoto and Taurepan are used by the people themselves. Older ethnographic spellings such as 'Arecuna', 'Camaragoto' and 'Taulipang' appear in colonial and early anthropological literature and should be recorded as historical variants only, not used as display names. Population and speaker figures come from the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses and a 2014 Brazilian estimate; all predate the 2019 violence and subsequent displacement into Brazil, and are flagged as such rather than presented as current. Death tolls from the 2019 events differ between official accounts and Pemon leaders' counts; the discrepancy is stated rather than resolved. Areruya/Hallelujah is described as an Indigenous religion in its own right, not as a mission variant, because that is how its practitioners describe it; no revealed song texts are reproduced. Ritual specialist roles (piasan, kanaima, mawari) are given as publicly documented social and cosmological categories. Kanaima in particular is a topic sensationalised in outside writing and is treated here only as a Pemon-stated category of harm attributed to outsiders. Medicine section names the general role of plant knowledge but gives no plant parts, preparations or doses. Textile section is explicitly marked provisional; Pemon craft is far better documented for basketry and pottery than for cloth. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon, https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pem%C3%B3n, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemon_conflict, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Economy.html, https://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Pemon-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html, https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/2605, http://www.diversidadcultural.gob.ve/venezuela-plural/coleccion-discografica/la-herencia-musical-ancestral-etnias-pemon-yekuana-y-panare, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.venezuelaturistica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1118%3Apemones-la-cultura-ancestral-de-canaima&catid=149&Itemid=3034). Sensitivity: Display name: Pemon (also written Pemon/Pemong). The subgroup names Arekuna, Kamarakoto and Taurepan are used by the people themselves. Older ethnographic spellings such as 'Arecuna', 'Camaragoto' and 'Taulipang' appear in colonial and early anthropological literature and should be recorded as historical variants only, not used as display names. Population and speaker figures come from the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses and a 2014 Brazilian estimate; all predate the 2019 violence and subsequent displacement into Brazil, and are flagged as such rather than presented as current. Death tolls from the 2019 events differ between official accounts and Pemon leaders' counts; the discrepancy is stated rather than resolved. Areruya/Hallelujah is described as an Indigenous religion in its own right, not as a mission variant, because that is how its practitioners describe it; no revealed song texts are reproduced. Ritual specialist roles (piasan, kanaima, mawari) are given as publicly documented social and cosmological categories. Kanaima in particular is a topic sensationalised in outside writing and is treated here only as a Pemon-stated category of harm attributed to outsiders. Medicine section names the general role of plant knowledge but gives no plant parts, preparations or doses. Textile section is explicitly marked provisional; Pemon craft is far better documented for basketry and pottery than for cloth. Awaiting contributor and community review.