Ye'kuana history

AI note: expansion-2026-08: overview compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%27kuana, https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yekuana). Population figure: 6250 (2001, 2001 Venezuelan Indigenous census cited by Wikipedia (EN); about 430 more in Brazil, and ~6,000 speakers per Wikipedia (ES)). Awaiting contributor and community review. Sensitivity: Census figures are dated (2001); current population is likely higher (often cited around 7,000-10,000 including Brazil).

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%27kuana, https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Ye%27kwana, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/yekuana, https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1183&context=anthropologyfacpub, https://www.arte-amazonia.com/people/ye-kuana/to-weave-and-sing/, https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/yekuana-self-demarcation-process, https://www.forestpeoples.org/publications-resources/reports/article/guidelines-for-the-management-of-the-yekwana-and-sanema-territories-in-the-caura-river-basin-in-venezuela/, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.emkp.org/weaving-rivers-and-connecting-communities-documenting-endangered-traditional-practices-and-associated-knowledge-among-the-yekwana-indigenous-people-brazil/). Sensitivity: Display name: Ye'kwana (also written Ye'kuana). Their own term for themselves is So'to. Makiritare, Maquiritare and Maiongong are exonyms applied from outside and are recorded here as names to avoid as display names, though they remain common in older ethnography and museum catalogues and are needed to search collections. Population figures conflict between the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses (roughly 6,250 vs 7,997) and between two Brazilian counts (roughly 430 vs 681 in 2020); the conflicts are stated, not resolved. Watunna is named and its principal figures, structure and publication history are described, but no chant or narrative text is reproduced: published translations are under copyright and the ceremonial registers of the cycle circulate under their own rules. The gendered attribution of pottery to men in one reference work is flagged as unverified rather than repeated as fact. Medicine section names the role of plant knowledge and tobacco but gives no plant parts, preparations, combinations or doses. Fish poisons used in communal fishing are named as a practice only, with no species-plus-method detail. Textiles and pottery sections are explicitly marked as thin, with the gaps named rather than padded. The Ye'kwana share territory with Sanema and Yanomami neighbours; material about those peoples has deliberately not been imported into this profile. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%27kuana, https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Ye%27kwana, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/yekuana, https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1183&context=anthropologyfacpub, https://www.arte-amazonia.com/people/ye-kuana/to-weave-and-sing/, https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/yekuana-self-demarcation-process, https://www.forestpeoples.org/publications-resources/reports/article/guidelines-for-the-management-of-the-yekwana-and-sanema-territories-in-the-caura-river-basin-in-venezuela/, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.emkp.org/weaving-rivers-and-connecting-communities-documenting-endangered-traditional-practices-and-associated-knowledge-among-the-yekwana-indigenous-people-brazil/). Sensitivity: Display name: Ye'kwana (also written Ye'kuana). Their own term for themselves is So'to. Makiritare, Maquiritare and Maiongong are exonyms applied from outside and are recorded here as names to avoid as display names, though they remain common in older ethnography and museum catalogues and are needed to search collections. Population figures conflict between the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses (roughly 6,250 vs 7,997) and between two Brazilian counts (roughly 430 vs 681 in 2020); the conflicts are stated, not resolved. Watunna is named and its principal figures, structure and publication history are described, but no chant or narrative text is reproduced: published translations are under copyright and the ceremonial registers of the cycle circulate under their own rules. The gendered attribution of pottery to men in one reference work is flagged as unverified rather than repeated as fact. Medicine section names the role of plant knowledge and tobacco but gives no plant parts, preparations, combinations or doses. Fish poisons used in communal fishing are named as a practice only, with no species-plus-method detail. Textiles and pottery sections are explicitly marked as thin, with the gaps named rather than padded. The Ye'kwana share territory with Sanema and Yanomami neighbours; material about those peoples has deliberately not been imported into this profile. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%27kuana, https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Ye%27kwana, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/yekuana, https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1183&context=anthropologyfacpub, https://www.arte-amazonia.com/people/ye-kuana/to-weave-and-sing/, https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/yekuana-self-demarcation-process, https://www.forestpeoples.org/publications-resources/reports/article/guidelines-for-the-management-of-the-yekwana-and-sanema-territories-in-the-caura-river-basin-in-venezuela/, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.emkp.org/weaving-rivers-and-connecting-communities-documenting-endangered-traditional-practices-and-associated-knowledge-among-the-yekwana-indigenous-people-brazil/). Sensitivity: Display name: Ye'kwana (also written Ye'kuana). Their own term for themselves is So'to. Makiritare, Maquiritare and Maiongong are exonyms applied from outside and are recorded here as names to avoid as display names, though they remain common in older ethnography and museum catalogues and are needed to search collections. Population figures conflict between the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses (roughly 6,250 vs 7,997) and between two Brazilian counts (roughly 430 vs 681 in 2020); the conflicts are stated, not resolved. Watunna is named and its principal figures, structure and publication history are described, but no chant or narrative text is reproduced: published translations are under copyright and the ceremonial registers of the cycle circulate under their own rules. The gendered attribution of pottery to men in one reference work is flagged as unverified rather than repeated as fact. Medicine section names the role of plant knowledge and tobacco but gives no plant parts, preparations, combinations or doses. Fish poisons used in communal fishing are named as a practice only, with no species-plus-method detail. Textiles and pottery sections are explicitly marked as thin, with the gaps named rather than padded. The Ye'kwana share territory with Sanema and Yanomami neighbours; material about those peoples has deliberately not been imported into this profile. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%27kuana, https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Ye%27kwana, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/yekuana, https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1183&context=anthropologyfacpub, https://www.arte-amazonia.com/people/ye-kuana/to-weave-and-sing/, https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/yekuana-self-demarcation-process, https://www.forestpeoples.org/publications-resources/reports/article/guidelines-for-the-management-of-the-yekwana-and-sanema-territories-in-the-caura-river-basin-in-venezuela/, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.emkp.org/weaving-rivers-and-connecting-communities-documenting-endangered-traditional-practices-and-associated-knowledge-among-the-yekwana-indigenous-people-brazil/). Sensitivity: Display name: Ye'kwana (also written Ye'kuana). Their own term for themselves is So'to. Makiritare, Maquiritare and Maiongong are exonyms applied from outside and are recorded here as names to avoid as display names, though they remain common in older ethnography and museum catalogues and are needed to search collections. Population figures conflict between the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses (roughly 6,250 vs 7,997) and between two Brazilian counts (roughly 430 vs 681 in 2020); the conflicts are stated, not resolved. Watunna is named and its principal figures, structure and publication history are described, but no chant or narrative text is reproduced: published translations are under copyright and the ceremonial registers of the cycle circulate under their own rules. The gendered attribution of pottery to men in one reference work is flagged as unverified rather than repeated as fact. Medicine section names the role of plant knowledge and tobacco but gives no plant parts, preparations, combinations or doses. Fish poisons used in communal fishing are named as a practice only, with no species-plus-method detail. Textiles and pottery sections are explicitly marked as thin, with the gaps named rather than padded. The Ye'kwana share territory with Sanema and Yanomami neighbours; material about those peoples has deliberately not been imported into this profile. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%27kuana, https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Ye%27kwana, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/yekuana, https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1183&context=anthropologyfacpub, https://www.arte-amazonia.com/people/ye-kuana/to-weave-and-sing/, https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/yekuana-self-demarcation-process, https://www.forestpeoples.org/publications-resources/reports/article/guidelines-for-the-management-of-the-yekwana-and-sanema-territories-in-the-caura-river-basin-in-venezuela/, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.emkp.org/weaving-rivers-and-connecting-communities-documenting-endangered-traditional-practices-and-associated-knowledge-among-the-yekwana-indigenous-people-brazil/). Sensitivity: Display name: Ye'kwana (also written Ye'kuana). Their own term for themselves is So'to. Makiritare, Maquiritare and Maiongong are exonyms applied from outside and are recorded here as names to avoid as display names, though they remain common in older ethnography and museum catalogues and are needed to search collections. Population figures conflict between the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses (roughly 6,250 vs 7,997) and between two Brazilian counts (roughly 430 vs 681 in 2020); the conflicts are stated, not resolved. Watunna is named and its principal figures, structure and publication history are described, but no chant or narrative text is reproduced: published translations are under copyright and the ceremonial registers of the cycle circulate under their own rules. The gendered attribution of pottery to men in one reference work is flagged as unverified rather than repeated as fact. Medicine section names the role of plant knowledge and tobacco but gives no plant parts, preparations, combinations or doses. Fish poisons used in communal fishing are named as a practice only, with no species-plus-method detail. Textiles and pottery sections are explicitly marked as thin, with the gaps named rather than padded. The Ye'kwana share territory with Sanema and Yanomami neighbours; material about those peoples has deliberately not been imported into this profile. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%27kuana, https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Ye%27kwana, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/yekuana, https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1183&context=anthropologyfacpub, https://www.arte-amazonia.com/people/ye-kuana/to-weave-and-sing/, https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/yekuana-self-demarcation-process, https://www.forestpeoples.org/publications-resources/reports/article/guidelines-for-the-management-of-the-yekwana-and-sanema-territories-in-the-caura-river-basin-in-venezuela/, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.emkp.org/weaving-rivers-and-connecting-communities-documenting-endangered-traditional-practices-and-associated-knowledge-among-the-yekwana-indigenous-people-brazil/). Sensitivity: Display name: Ye'kwana (also written Ye'kuana). Their own term for themselves is So'to. Makiritare, Maquiritare and Maiongong are exonyms applied from outside and are recorded here as names to avoid as display names, though they remain common in older ethnography and museum catalogues and are needed to search collections. Population figures conflict between the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses (roughly 6,250 vs 7,997) and between two Brazilian counts (roughly 430 vs 681 in 2020); the conflicts are stated, not resolved. Watunna is named and its principal figures, structure and publication history are described, but no chant or narrative text is reproduced: published translations are under copyright and the ceremonial registers of the cycle circulate under their own rules. The gendered attribution of pottery to men in one reference work is flagged as unverified rather than repeated as fact. Medicine section names the role of plant knowledge and tobacco but gives no plant parts, preparations, combinations or doses. Fish poisons used in communal fishing are named as a practice only, with no species-plus-method detail. Textiles and pottery sections are explicitly marked as thin, with the gaps named rather than padded. The Ye'kwana share territory with Sanema and Yanomami neighbours; material about those peoples has deliberately not been imported into this profile. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%27kuana, https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Ye%27kwana, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/yekuana, https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1183&context=anthropologyfacpub, https://www.arte-amazonia.com/people/ye-kuana/to-weave-and-sing/, https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/yekuana-self-demarcation-process, https://www.forestpeoples.org/publications-resources/reports/article/guidelines-for-the-management-of-the-yekwana-and-sanema-territories-in-the-caura-river-basin-in-venezuela/, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.emkp.org/weaving-rivers-and-connecting-communities-documenting-endangered-traditional-practices-and-associated-knowledge-among-the-yekwana-indigenous-people-brazil/). Sensitivity: Display name: Ye'kwana (also written Ye'kuana). Their own term for themselves is So'to. Makiritare, Maquiritare and Maiongong are exonyms applied from outside and are recorded here as names to avoid as display names, though they remain common in older ethnography and museum catalogues and are needed to search collections. Population figures conflict between the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses (roughly 6,250 vs 7,997) and between two Brazilian counts (roughly 430 vs 681 in 2020); the conflicts are stated, not resolved. Watunna is named and its principal figures, structure and publication history are described, but no chant or narrative text is reproduced: published translations are under copyright and the ceremonial registers of the cycle circulate under their own rules. The gendered attribution of pottery to men in one reference work is flagged as unverified rather than repeated as fact. Medicine section names the role of plant knowledge and tobacco but gives no plant parts, preparations, combinations or doses. Fish poisons used in communal fishing are named as a practice only, with no species-plus-method detail. Textiles and pottery sections are explicitly marked as thin, with the gaps named rather than padded. The Ye'kwana share territory with Sanema and Yanomami neighbours; material about those peoples has deliberately not been imported into this profile. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%27kuana, https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Ye%27kwana, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/yekuana, https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1183&context=anthropologyfacpub, https://www.arte-amazonia.com/people/ye-kuana/to-weave-and-sing/, https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/yekuana-self-demarcation-process, https://www.forestpeoples.org/publications-resources/reports/article/guidelines-for-the-management-of-the-yekwana-and-sanema-territories-in-the-caura-river-basin-in-venezuela/, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.emkp.org/weaving-rivers-and-connecting-communities-documenting-endangered-traditional-practices-and-associated-knowledge-among-the-yekwana-indigenous-people-brazil/). Sensitivity: Display name: Ye'kwana (also written Ye'kuana). Their own term for themselves is So'to. Makiritare, Maquiritare and Maiongong are exonyms applied from outside and are recorded here as names to avoid as display names, though they remain common in older ethnography and museum catalogues and are needed to search collections. Population figures conflict between the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses (roughly 6,250 vs 7,997) and between two Brazilian counts (roughly 430 vs 681 in 2020); the conflicts are stated, not resolved. Watunna is named and its principal figures, structure and publication history are described, but no chant or narrative text is reproduced: published translations are under copyright and the ceremonial registers of the cycle circulate under their own rules. The gendered attribution of pottery to men in one reference work is flagged as unverified rather than repeated as fact. Medicine section names the role of plant knowledge and tobacco but gives no plant parts, preparations, combinations or doses. Fish poisons used in communal fishing are named as a practice only, with no species-plus-method detail. Textiles and pottery sections are explicitly marked as thin, with the gaps named rather than padded. The Ye'kwana share territory with Sanema and Yanomami neighbours; material about those peoples has deliberately not been imported into this profile. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%27kuana, https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Ye%27kwana, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/yekuana, https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1183&context=anthropologyfacpub, https://www.arte-amazonia.com/people/ye-kuana/to-weave-and-sing/, https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/yekuana-self-demarcation-process, https://www.forestpeoples.org/publications-resources/reports/article/guidelines-for-the-management-of-the-yekwana-and-sanema-territories-in-the-caura-river-basin-in-venezuela/, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.emkp.org/weaving-rivers-and-connecting-communities-documenting-endangered-traditional-practices-and-associated-knowledge-among-the-yekwana-indigenous-people-brazil/). Sensitivity: Display name: Ye'kwana (also written Ye'kuana). Their own term for themselves is So'to. Makiritare, Maquiritare and Maiongong are exonyms applied from outside and are recorded here as names to avoid as display names, though they remain common in older ethnography and museum catalogues and are needed to search collections. Population figures conflict between the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses (roughly 6,250 vs 7,997) and between two Brazilian counts (roughly 430 vs 681 in 2020); the conflicts are stated, not resolved. Watunna is named and its principal figures, structure and publication history are described, but no chant or narrative text is reproduced: published translations are under copyright and the ceremonial registers of the cycle circulate under their own rules. The gendered attribution of pottery to men in one reference work is flagged as unverified rather than repeated as fact. Medicine section names the role of plant knowledge and tobacco but gives no plant parts, preparations, combinations or doses. Fish poisons used in communal fishing are named as a practice only, with no species-plus-method detail. Textiles and pottery sections are explicitly marked as thin, with the gaps named rather than padded. The Ye'kwana share territory with Sanema and Yanomami neighbours; material about those peoples has deliberately not been imported into this profile. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%27kuana, https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Ye%27kwana, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/yekuana, https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1183&context=anthropologyfacpub, https://www.arte-amazonia.com/people/ye-kuana/to-weave-and-sing/, https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/yekuana-self-demarcation-process, https://www.forestpeoples.org/publications-resources/reports/article/guidelines-for-the-management-of-the-yekwana-and-sanema-territories-in-the-caura-river-basin-in-venezuela/, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.emkp.org/weaving-rivers-and-connecting-communities-documenting-endangered-traditional-practices-and-associated-knowledge-among-the-yekwana-indigenous-people-brazil/). Sensitivity: Display name: Ye'kwana (also written Ye'kuana). Their own term for themselves is So'to. Makiritare, Maquiritare and Maiongong are exonyms applied from outside and are recorded here as names to avoid as display names, though they remain common in older ethnography and museum catalogues and are needed to search collections. Population figures conflict between the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses (roughly 6,250 vs 7,997) and between two Brazilian counts (roughly 430 vs 681 in 2020); the conflicts are stated, not resolved. Watunna is named and its principal figures, structure and publication history are described, but no chant or narrative text is reproduced: published translations are under copyright and the ceremonial registers of the cycle circulate under their own rules. The gendered attribution of pottery to men in one reference work is flagged as unverified rather than repeated as fact. Medicine section names the role of plant knowledge and tobacco but gives no plant parts, preparations, combinations or doses. Fish poisons used in communal fishing are named as a practice only, with no species-plus-method detail. Textiles and pottery sections are explicitly marked as thin, with the gaps named rather than padded. The Ye'kwana share territory with Sanema and Yanomami neighbours; material about those peoples has deliberately not been imported into this profile. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%27kuana, https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Ye%27kwana, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/yekuana, https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1183&context=anthropologyfacpub, https://www.arte-amazonia.com/people/ye-kuana/to-weave-and-sing/, https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/yekuana-self-demarcation-process, https://www.forestpeoples.org/publications-resources/reports/article/guidelines-for-the-management-of-the-yekwana-and-sanema-territories-in-the-caura-river-basin-in-venezuela/, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.emkp.org/weaving-rivers-and-connecting-communities-documenting-endangered-traditional-practices-and-associated-knowledge-among-the-yekwana-indigenous-people-brazil/). Sensitivity: Display name: Ye'kwana (also written Ye'kuana). Their own term for themselves is So'to. Makiritare, Maquiritare and Maiongong are exonyms applied from outside and are recorded here as names to avoid as display names, though they remain common in older ethnography and museum catalogues and are needed to search collections. Population figures conflict between the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses (roughly 6,250 vs 7,997) and between two Brazilian counts (roughly 430 vs 681 in 2020); the conflicts are stated, not resolved. Watunna is named and its principal figures, structure and publication history are described, but no chant or narrative text is reproduced: published translations are under copyright and the ceremonial registers of the cycle circulate under their own rules. The gendered attribution of pottery to men in one reference work is flagged as unverified rather than repeated as fact. Medicine section names the role of plant knowledge and tobacco but gives no plant parts, preparations, combinations or doses. Fish poisons used in communal fishing are named as a practice only, with no species-plus-method detail. Textiles and pottery sections are explicitly marked as thin, with the gaps named rather than padded. The Ye'kwana share territory with Sanema and Yanomami neighbours; material about those peoples has deliberately not been imported into this profile. Awaiting contributor and community review.

AI note: sections-wave3-2026-08: compiled with AI assistance as original prose from cited public sources (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%27kuana, https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Ye%27kwana, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/yekuana, https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1183&context=anthropologyfacpub, https://www.arte-amazonia.com/people/ye-kuana/to-weave-and-sing/, https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/yekuana-self-demarcation-process, https://www.forestpeoples.org/publications-resources/reports/article/guidelines-for-the-management-of-the-yekwana-and-sanema-territories-in-the-caura-river-basin-in-venezuela/, https://iwgia.org/en/venezuela/5756-iw-2025-venezuela.html, https://www.emkp.org/weaving-rivers-and-connecting-communities-documenting-endangered-traditional-practices-and-associated-knowledge-among-the-yekwana-indigenous-people-brazil/). Sensitivity: Display name: Ye'kwana (also written Ye'kuana). Their own term for themselves is So'to. Makiritare, Maquiritare and Maiongong are exonyms applied from outside and are recorded here as names to avoid as display names, though they remain common in older ethnography and museum catalogues and are needed to search collections. Population figures conflict between the 2001 and 2011 Venezuelan censuses (roughly 6,250 vs 7,997) and between two Brazilian counts (roughly 430 vs 681 in 2020); the conflicts are stated, not resolved. Watunna is named and its principal figures, structure and publication history are described, but no chant or narrative text is reproduced: published translations are under copyright and the ceremonial registers of the cycle circulate under their own rules. The gendered attribution of pottery to men in one reference work is flagged as unverified rather than repeated as fact. Medicine section names the role of plant knowledge and tobacco but gives no plant parts, preparations, combinations or doses. Fish poisons used in communal fishing are named as a practice only, with no species-plus-method detail. Textiles and pottery sections are explicitly marked as thin, with the gaps named rather than padded. The Ye'kwana share territory with Sanema and Yanomami neighbours; material about those peoples has deliberately not been imported into this profile. Awaiting contributor and community review.